تأثیر قارچ‌ آربسکولار- میکوریز و تنش خشکی بر رشد ریشه، تجمع پرولین و جذب بعضی از عناصر غذایی توسط سه ژنوتیپ تره

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان

2 دانشیار دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان

3 استادیار دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان

10.22092/sbj.2014.128410

چکیده

قارچ‌های میکوریز آربسکولار از مهمترین قارچ‌های همزیست با ریشه گیاهان می‌باشند که با افزایش جذب عناصر غذایی به ویژه فسفر و کاهش اثرات سوء تنش‌های محیطی باعث بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاه میزبان می‌شوند. در این تحقیق، اثرات قارچ‌های میکوریز آربسکولار و سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی بر روی رشد ریشه، تجمع پرولین و غلظت عناصر فسفر، پتاسیم، سدیم و روی در سه ژنوتیپ تره مطالعه گردید. این آزمایش با سه سطح رطوبتی خاک (آبیاری در زمانی که 40، 60 و 80 درصد آب قابل استفاده گیاه در خاک تخلیه گردید)، دو سطح قارچ میکوریز (وجود و عدم وجود قارچ گلوموس اینترارادیسس) و سه ژنوتیپ تره (شادگان، اصفهان وکارنتان 2) به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌ کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی موجب کاهش وزن ماده خشک ریشه، طول ریشه کلونی‌شده و درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه گردید. اما، کلونیزاسیون میکوریزی در تمام سطوح تنش خشکی باعث افزایش رشد ریشه گردید. درصد وابستگی میکوریزی در شرایط تنش خشکی افزایش یافت و این افزایش تحت تأثیر نوع ژنوتیپ تره و مشخصات مرفولوژیکی ریشه متفاوت بود. در بین ژنوتیپ‌ها، تره شادگان با سیستم ریشه‌ای ضعیف‌تر در تمام سطوح تنش خشکی دارای وابستگی میکوریزی بیشتر بود. تنش خشکی موجب کاهش معنی‌دار غلظت و محتوای فسفر(برگ) گردید در حالی‌که موجب افزایش تجمع پرولین در برگ و همچنین افزایش معنی‌دار غلظت عناصر پتاسیم، سدیم و روی در برگ‌های گیاه گردید. قارچ میکوریز باعث افزایش معنی‌دار جذب عناصر فسفر، پتاسیم و روی در برگ‌ها گردید. درحالی که، میزان پرولین و یون سدیم در گیاهان میکوریز کمتر بود. نتایج این مطالعه بیان می‌کند که کلونیزاسیون میکوریزی مقاومت به خشکی گیاه میزبان را از طریق افزایش جذب یون‌های فسفر، پتاسم و روی بهبود بخشیده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus and Drought Stress on Root Growth, Leaf Proline, and some Nutrient Uptake by Three Leek Genotypes with Different Root Morphologies

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. Ghasemjokar 1
  • Habiballah Nadian Ghomsheh 2
  • B. Khalillmoghaddam 3
  • M. Haydari 3
1 Former MSc student of Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
2 Associate professor, Ramin University of Agriculture
3 Assistant professor, Ramin University of Agriculture
چکیده [English]

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are the most important symbiotic fungi that increase plant growth by improving nutrient uptake, particularly phosphorus (P) uptake, and by alleviating the detrimental effect of environmental stresses on the host plant. In this research, the effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and drought stress levels on root growth, proline accumulation, P, potassium (K), sodium (Na) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in three leek genotypes were studied. The experiments had a randomized complete block design with treatments arranged in factorial combination. The treatments with 4 replications were three soil moisture levels (the pots were watered when 40, 60, and 80 percent of the available water was consumed), two mycorrhizal status (with and without mycorrhiza), and three leek genotypes (Shadegan, Esfahan and Carantan 2). The results showed that drought stress significantly decreased root growth (root dry weight, total root length colonized, and percentage of root colonization). However, mycorrhizal colonization increased root growth at all drought stress levels. The percentage of mycorrhizal dependency increased as drought stress was increased. This increase was affected by morphological root characteristics and plant genotype. Among the leek genotypes, Shadegan genotype with a poor root system had the greatest mycorrhizal dependency compared with the other two genotypes at all drought stress levels. This is in agreement with the Baylis’s hypothesis even in drought stress condition. Drought stress significantly decreased leaf phosphorus concentration and content. In non-mycorrhizal treatment, proline accumulation, K, Na, and Zn concentrations in leaves increased as drought stress was increased. Mycorrhizal fungus significantly increased the uptake of P, K, and Zn, while proline and sodium concentrations decreased. The results of this study clearly indicated that mycorrhizal colonization improved drought tolerance of the host plants not by osmotic adjustment, but by increasing P, K, and Zn uptake. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • leek
  • mycorrhizal fungus
  • phosphrous
  • proline

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زیست شناسی خاک
دوره 1، شماره 2
اسفند 1392
صفحه 93-105

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