تغییرات فصلی فعالیت مطلق و ویژه‌ی اسیدفسفاتاز در رقابت ریزوسفری نهال‌های بلندمازو و پلت در کشت خالص و آمیخته

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 استادیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

رقابت ریزوسفری در دستیابی گیاهان به عناصر غذایی مانند فسفر اهمیت زیادی دارد. محیط ریزوسفر حداکثر اثرپذیری را از رقابت بین‌گونه‌ای و درون‌گونه‌ای دارد. با توجه به ویژگی‌های ریزوسفری خاص هر گونه احتمالاً تراوش‌های ریزوسفری (مانند اسیدفسفاتاز) در حالات رقابتی مختلف، تغییرات محسوسی دارد. اسیدفسفاتاز از مهم‌ترین آنزیم‌های ریزوسفری و آنزیم مختص چرخه‌ی فسفر است. این پژوهش به مطالعه‌ی‌ فعالیت مطلق و ویژه‌ی ‌اسیدفسفاتاز در ریزوسفر دو گونه‌‌ی پلت و بلندمازو (از مهم‌ترین گونه‌های جنگلی شمال کشور) در حالت کشت خالص و آمیخته در طی فصول مختلف در یک ریزوترون نوین پرداخته است. از لوله‌های دستیابی 18 ریزوترون شامل سه تیمار آمیختگی (پلت خالص، بلندمازو خالص و پلت- بلندمازو) درپنج تکرار همراه با سه ریزوترون فاقد کشت نهال طی چهار فصل سال نمونه‌گیری انجام و فعالیت مطلق و ویژه‌ی اسیدفسفاتاز در آن تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت مطلق و ویژه‌‌ی اسیدفسفاتاز بین ترکیب‌های متفاوت کشت و فصول مختلف در سطح احتمال 95 درصد اختلاف معنی‌داری دارد. ترکیب کشت آمیخته در پاییز بیشترین میزان فعالیت (gPNPg-1h-1µ 16/154±37/2370) و تیمار کنترل در تابستان کمترین میزان فعالیت اسیدفسفاتاز مطلق (µgPNPg-1h-1 65/108±75/991) را به خود اختصاص دادند. میزان فعالیت مطلق و ویژه‌ی ‌اسیدفسفاتاز در انتهای دوره‌‌ی مطالعه نسبت به فصل آغازین مطالعه کاهش محسوسی را نشان داد. این نتایج می‌تواند تأییدکننده‌ی‌ برتری کشت آمیخته‌ی پلت- بلندمازو از نظر ساختار، فیزیولوژی و مورفولوژی مناسب‌تر ریزوسفری و رشد بهتر ریشه باشد و این تیمار، فسفر خاک را در طی فصول مختلف به میزان بهتری حفظ نموده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Seasonal Variations of Absolute and Specific Acid Phosphatase Activities on Rhizosphere Competition in Pure and Mixed Planting of Chestnut-Leaved Oak and Persian Maple

نویسندگان [English]

  • Y. Sharifpour 1
  • H. Habashi 2
  • A. Aliarab 3
1 Ph. D. Graduate, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource
2 Associate professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource
3 Assistant professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource
چکیده [English]

Rhizospheric competition play a vital role in plant nutrition such as phosphorus availability. Inter and intraspecific competition have the maximum influence on rhizosphere function. It can be expected that rhizosphere exudations (such as acid phosphatase) will change in the various competitive scenarios, considering the specific rhizosphere characteristics of plant species. Acid phosphatase (AP) is one of the most important rhizospheric enzymes and it is a specific enzyme to the phosphorus cycle. This investigation was carried out to study the absolute and specific AP activities on rhizosphere competition in pure and mixed planting of Quercus castaneifolia and Acer velutinium (two important species of forests of northern Iran) during different seasons by a novel rhizotron. Sampling was done within 18 rhizotron access tube (3 composition treatments/5 replications with 3 controls rhizotron without seedling) in 4 seasons, then absolute and specific AP activities were determined. Results revealed that there were significant differences between the absolute and the specific AP activities of different planting compositions and seasons (P<0.05). Mixed planting had the most absolute AP activities (2370.37±154.16µgPNPg-1h-1) in autumn while control treatment had the least absolute AP activities (991.75±108.65µgPNPg-1h-1) in summer. Amounts of absolute and specific AP activities showed significant decrease at the end of experiment compared with the beginning of study times. Results showed Quercus castaneifolia and Acer velutinium companion planting had better rhizosphere structure, physiology and morphology and also showed that mixed planting have better root growth, so we concluded that this treatment provide more phosphorus during different seasons.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Acid Phosphatase
  • species composition
  • Root Competition
  • Rhizotron

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زیست شناسی خاک
دوره 6، شماره 1
شهریور 1397
صفحه 65-75

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